Ruddy Pigeon

Overview

The ruddy pigeon (Patagioenas subvinacea) is a largish pigeon belonging to the subgenus Oenoenas, which is characterized by plain plumage and distinct calls. It breeds across a broad range from Costa Rica south to western Ecuador, Bolivia, and central Brazil.

Identification

• Plumage: Unpatterned and mainly wine-purple, becoming more rufous on the back, with dark brown tail and primary flight feathers.
• Physical Features: 28 cm (11 in) long and weighing 170 g, with a black bill, purple-red legs, and typically red irises (though occasionally dull yellow in the Amazon basin).
• Call: Produces a loud, high-pitched ko'COO coo call with considerable pauses; some populations sing four-noted songs while others sing three-noted songs.
• Juveniles: Have a greyish brown head, neck, and breast, with cinnamon or rufous scaling on the head and upperparts.

Habitat

In Central America, it inhabits highland forest canopy and semi-open woodland from 1500 m to the timberline, while in South America it occurs in the canopy of humid forest from near sea-level to 1500 m, occasionally reaching higher altitudes. It is not uncommon across its wide range, though projected deforestation influences its status, which is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.

Diet

Normally seen in pairs, it forages in the tree tops for fruits and berries, with a particular fondness for mistletoe fruit. It may occasionally be observed on tracks and roadside seeking grit.

Did you know?

The ruddy pigeon replaces its close relative, the very similar short-billed pigeon, at lower altitudes in Central America, and the two species are best separated by their calls, as the ruddy pigeon's call is faster and less complex.